Have you ever been in a place for the first time and felt strange? Maybe it was a feeling that you had been there before. However, you knew you had never been to that place. You wondered if you had seen it in a movie recently. Perhaps the place looked familiar to you because your friend had a picture of it. This odd feeling that happens to many people is called d�j� vu1. Those are French words that mean "already seen." Emile Boirac, a scientist from France, first came up with this term in the late 1800s.
Studying d�j� vu is very difficult because it is hard to be recreated2 in a lab3. Recently, though, scientists have been able to get people to feel d�j� vu under hypnosis4. They now believe d�j� vu is not like predicting the future. Instead, it is a problem with the brain. The problem is that the brain tricks the person. Therefore, people believe they have experienced something they have not.
The feeling of d�j� vu results from the brain not working perfectly. Short-term memory helps people remember something that happened not long ago. Long-term memory lets people remember things for a long time, such as friends' names. When d�j� vu occurs, an experience skips going into your short-term memory. It is directly put into your long-term memory. That is why you think it is an old memory from before.
您是否曾初次造訪某地卻覺得不對勁？或許那是一種您曾去過那裡的感覺。然而，您卻知道您從未到過那個地方。您懷疑自己最近是否曾在某部電影中看過那裡。或許是因為您的朋友有一張該地的照片，所以您覺得很眼熟。這個發生在很多人身上的奇怪感覺叫做d�j� vu。那是意指『既視（曾經見過）』的法文。十九世紀末，法國科學家艾蜜莉•布哈克首次提出這個名稱。
因為既視感很難在實驗室裡重現，所以要研究這門學問相當困難。不過近來科學家已經能夠使人們在催眠的狀態下感受既視感。他們現在相信既視感跟預知未來不一樣。它反而是大腦出了問題。這個問題是在於大腦矇騙了當事者。因此，人們相信他們經歷了他們未曾體驗過的事。
既視感起因於大腦運作不全。短期記憶幫助人們記得不久前發生的事。長期記憶則讓人們長久地記住事情，譬如朋友的名字。既視感發生時，某個經驗省略了進入短期記憶的階段。它直接被存入您的長期記憶。那正是為什麼您會覺得它是源自從前的舊回憶。 |
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