Wigs 再見，三千煩惱絲

	每週 四 出刊.2008.07.03   常春藤解析英語
	本 期 目 錄 簡介/舊報明細 •Wigs 再見，三千煩惱絲 •原來如此 •精解字詞片語 •單字小舖 •片語小舖 星條旗之烤肉大會 這裡的美國人好像在準備什麼節慶… •中文翻譯＆標準答案 克漏字   Wigs 再見，三千煩惱絲 Picture yourself in the 17th century, looking sharp with a bundle of horsehair on your head. 想像自己身處 17 世紀，頭上戴著馬毛假髮，一副精神抖擻的模樣。 by Rebecca A. Fratzke Though we might chuckle when we discover that someone is wearing a wig, they were nothing unusual in years past. Wigs have a long history, which includes their having been worn by both men and women. 　　 In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads _(1)_ sunburned. The ladies of the Roman Empire also loved wigs, but strictly for reasons of style. The wig-wearing trend continued until the Middle Ages brought a drastic decline. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became _(2)_ elaborate. Some even _(3)_ over 90 cm in height! During this time, because of such high demand, wig-making came to be seen as a prestigious craft. The best wigs were made of cut human hair, but horse or goat hair was used to make cheaper versions. _(4)_ high prices and extreme discomfort, anyone of social standing was expected to wear a wig. An advantage of wearing a wig, though, was that it was more easily rid _(5)_ head lice than one's actual hair. 　　 The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, _(6)_ short hair was in. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have _(7)_ their importance. These days, the most common reasons for wearing a wig usually involve acting, costumes, illness, or aging. 1. (A) to get (B) get (C) from getting(D) getting 2. (A) previously(B) originally(C) essentially (D) increasingly 3. (A) ranged (B) measured (C) weighed (D) contained 4. (A) Despite (B) Even if (C) Since (D) As with 5. (A) out (B) from (C) of (D) with 6. (A) that (B) when (C) which (D) where 7. (A) missed (B) kept (C) gained (D) lost 原來如此   1. In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads from getting sunburned. 理由: a. 本空格測試下列固定用法： prevent sb/sth from V-ing　　防止某人／某物……　　 例: Exercising regularly can prevent you from suffering from many ailments. （定期運動可預防很多小毛病。） b. 根據上述，可知應選 (C) from getting。 2. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became increasingly elaborate. 理由: a. (A) previously adv. 事先，先前 (B) originally adv. 起初，原來 (C) essentially adv. 基本上 (D) increasingly adv. 逐漸地 become increasingly + 原級形容詞 變得愈來愈…… 例: People are becoming increasingly worried about global warming. （人們愈來愈擔心全球暖化。） b. 根據語意，可知應選 (D)。 3. Some even measured over 90 cm in height! 理由: a. (A) range vi.（範圍）涉及 range from A to B　　範圍從 A 到 B 都有 例: The weather here ranges from cold to extremely hot. （這裡的天氣從寒冷到酷熱都有。） (B) measure vi. 有……（長、寬、高等）& vt. 測量 例: The road measures 300 km in length. （這條路量起來有 300 公里長。） (C) weigh vi. 重達 & vt. 稱……的重量 例: Since I went on a diet, I have been weighing myself every morning. （自從我開始節食之後，每天早上都量體重。） (D) contain vt. 包含，容納 例: Our herbal teas contain no artificial flavorings. （我們的花果茶絕不添加人工香料。） b. 根據語意、用法，可知應選 (B)。 4. Despite high prices and extreme discomfort, anyone of social standing was expected to wear a wig. 理由: a. (A) Despite + N/V-ing, S + V　　儘管……，…… = In spite of + N/V-ing, S + V 例: Despite their mutual dislike, the two men remained civil in public. （儘管這兩個人彼此不喜歡對方，他們在公開場合仍保持禮貌。） (B) Even if + S + V, S + V　　即使……，…… 例: Even if Jim apologizes, Sally isn't going to forgive him. （即使吉姆道歉，莎莉仍然不會原諒他。） (C) since prep. 自從……，自……之後 注意: since 當介詞時，之後接明確的時間、名詞、動名詞或時間副詞 then，形成副詞片語，修飾完成式或完成進行式的主要子句。 例: Sandra has been keeping a diary since 1993. （自 1993 年以來，珊卓拉一直都有寫日記。） (D) As with..., S + V　　和……一樣，…… 例: As with most new products, there will be some problems at first. （和大多數新產品一樣，一開始總會有一些問題。） b. 空格後有名詞 prices（價格）和 discomfort（不舒適），可知空格應置入介詞。(B) Even if 為副詞連接詞，故不可選。(A)、(C) 為介詞，(D) 為介詞片語，但 (C) Since 必須與完成式或完成進行式並用，而 (D) 置入後語意不合，故 (C) 和 (D) 不可選。 c. 僅 (A) 置入後符合語意、用法，故選之。 5. An advantage..., was that it was more easily rid of head lice than one's actual hair. 理由: a. 本空格測試 rid 的用法： rid vt. 使擺脫；免除（三態均為 rid） 注意: rid 作及物動詞時，其後須接表地方的名詞或反身代名詞作受詞，再接 "of + 所要擺脫的對象"，此處的 "be rid of..." 則為被動用法；rid 的過去分詞 rid 亦常與 get 並用，形成下列用法： get rid of...　　擺脫／戒除…… 例: We must rid our kitchen of cockroaches. （我們必須驅除我們廚房內的蟑螂。） 例: John finally rid himself of that ugly car and bought a new one. （約翰終於擺脫他那輛醜陋的車子而買了部新的。） 例: You have to get rid of that attitude or all your friends will leave you. （你得改掉那種態度，否則你的朋友都會離你而去。） b. 根據上述，可知應選 (C)。空格前的 it，指的就是 wig（假髮），表『假髮比較容易去除頭蝨』。 6. The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, when short hair was in. 理由: a. 空格前有時間 1920s（1920 年代），可知應置入關係副詞 when，引導形容詞子句加以修飾。 b. 根據上述，可知應選 (B)。 7. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have lost their importance. 理由: a. (A) miss vt. 錯過；想念 (B) keep vt. 保留，持有 (C) gain vt. 得到，獲得 (D) lose vt. 失去 b. 空格內置入 lost 後，表『失去』其重要性，符合前後語意，故選 (D)。 精解字詞片語   1. strictly adv. 嚴格地；嚴厲地 Strictly speaking, S + V　　嚴格說來，…… 例: Strictly speaking, strawberries are not true berries. （嚴格說來，草莓並非真正的漿果。） 2. decline n. & vi. 下跌；減少 例: His health has recently declined. （他的健康情況最近走下坡。） 3. elaborate a. 精心製作的 & vi. 詳述 elaborate on...　　詳述…… 例: We asked Jenny to elaborate on her trip to Russia. （我們請珍妮詳細描述她的俄國之旅。） 4. be made of...　　由……製成（產品仍保有材料原來的性質或形狀） be made from...　　由……製成（產品不保留材料原來的性質或形狀） 例: Two hundred years ago, false teeth were sometimes made of wood. （兩百年前，假牙有時是用木頭做的。） 例: The new car was made entirely from recycled materials. （那輛新車完全是用回收資源製造出來的。） 5. die out　　滅絕，絕跡 例: The white tiger has completely died out in this part of the world. （白老虎已經完全在本地絕跡了。） 6. consistently adv. 一貫地 例: Mervin shows up on time consistently. （馬文向來準時出現。） 7. in general　　一般而言，大體上 = generally speaking = by and large = on the whole = for the most part 例: In general, his school report is not that bad. （大體上，他的成績並沒那麼差。） 8. involve vt. 包含；需要 例: Learning how to play piano involves patience and practice. （學習彈鋼琴需要耐心和練習。） 單字小舖   1. wig n. 假髮 2. chuckle vi. 低聲輕笑，暗自發笑 3. practical a. 實際的 4. shaven a. 剃光毛髮的 shave vt. 剃（毛髮）；刮（鬍子） 5. sunburned a. 曬傷的 6. trend n. 時尚；趨勢 7. drastic a. 猛烈的，激烈的 8. fashionable a. 流行的，時髦的 9. prestigious a. 有名望的 10. craft n. 手藝，工藝 11. version n. 版本 12. discomfort n. 不舒服，不適 13. social standing n. 社會地位 14. advantage n. 優點 disadvantage n. 缺點 15. lice n. 虱子（複數形） louse n. 虱子（單數形） 16. eventually adv. 最後，終於 17. accessory n. 配件，飾品 18. volume n. 份量；體積，容積 19. costume n. 戲服；服裝 片語小舖   1. in ancient times　　在古代 in modern times　　在現代 2. be seen as...　　被視為…… = be viewed as... = be regarded as... = be looked upon as... = be thought of as... 3. be expected to V　　被預計／預期（做）…… 4. be in　　流行的 中文翻譯＆標準答案   雖然當我們發現有人戴著假髮時可能會偷笑，但在從前，戴假髮可是件稀鬆平常的事。假髮擁有一段很長的歷史，男人和女人都曾配戴假髮。 　　 古時候，埃及人戴假髮的原因出於實用性，是為了避免曬傷剃光的頭。羅馬帝國的婦女也愛戴假髮，不過嚴格來說，只是為了造型。戴假髮的風潮直到中世紀才急速衰退。之後到 17 世紀假髮開始大為流行，而且愈趨精緻。有些假髮甚至長達 90 公分。這段期間因為假髮的需求量高，製作假髮被視為一種受人尊敬的手藝。最高檔的假髮是由剪下來的真髮製成，但馬毛或是山羊毛也被用來製作成較便宜的假髮。儘管假髮價位高、戴起來又不舒適，一般還是會期望擁有社會地位的人士戴假髮。不過戴假髮的一個好處就是，比起真髮，假髮比較容易除去頭蝨。 　　 假髮的使用最後開始式微，1920 年代短髮蔚為風尚時，假髮幾乎消失殆盡。小的假髮配件因為能夠使髮量看起來較多而依舊受歡迎，但大體說來，假髮已經不再受重視。現在通常因為演戲、戲服需要或是因疾病和年老掉髮才會配戴假髮。 標準答案: 1. 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